Health evidence
Clinical studies, with limits made explicit
Human studies exist, but many are small, open-label, or condition-specific. We report design details and avoid over-claiming.
Hydrogen-rich water trials
Open-label pilots in rheumatoid arthritis and myopathies, radiotherapy quality-of-life studies, athlete fatigue trials, and controlled trials in healthy adults and swimmers.
Metabolic and liver markers
Studies in metabolic syndrome and chronic hepatitis B suggest measurable changes in biomarkers. Larger, blinded trials are still limited.
Clinical evidence guardrails
- We list trial design details to distinguish exploratory from confirmatory evidence.
- Outcomes are reported as in the paper, without extrapolation to unrelated claims.
- Safety and regulatory records are included separately from efficacy evidence.